{"title":"BANK OF ENGLAND AND PRA — THE REGULATORS' AI UNIVERSE","built":"2026-11-01 08:14 UTC","last_checked":"2026-10-28","checked_range":["2026-10-28","2026-10-28"],"as_of":"2026-10-28","buckets":[{"key":"unit","label":"Units and teams","color":"#8E2433","count":1},{"key":"system","label":"AI systems in use","color":"#1F2F4F","count":0},{"key":"prog","label":"Programmes and funds","color":"#2F5A45","count":0},{"key":"skills","label":"Skills and training","color":"#6E5716","count":0},{"key":"infra","label":"Compute and data infrastructure","color":"#54476E","count":0},{"key":"gov","label":"Governance and assurance","color":"#3E4555","count":1},{"key":"part","label":"Partnerships","color":"#5C5240","count":1},{"key":"rule","label":"Rules and law","color":"#A3394B","count":0},{"key":"reg","label":"Regulator actions","color":"#3D5A80","count":18}],"divisions":[{"key":"department-wide","label":"Department-wide","count":18,"depts":[{"dept":"Department-wide","count":18}]},{"key":"financial-policy-committee","label":"Financial Policy Committee","count":2,"depts":[{"dept":"Financial Policy Committee","count":2}]},{"key":"prudential-regulation-authority","label":"Prudential Regulation Authority","count":1,"depts":[{"dept":"Prudential Regulation Authority","count":1}]}],"colleges":[],"nodes":[{"id":"GOV-REG-140","name":"Artificial Intelligence Consortium (Bank of England and FCA)","type":"Regulator actions","category":"Bank of England and PRA","affiliation":"Group page (sub-page per regulator)","status_group":"current","status":"current — 2026-08-05","function":"A public-private forum \"to gather input from stakeholders\" on AI in UK financial services, to inform how the two authorities handle AI risks and safe adoption. Around 30 members; meets quarterly; co-chaired by the Bank's Deputy Governor for Financial Stability and the FCA's Executive Director of Supervision, Policy and Competition; no decision-making power. Launched 2 May 2025; meetings 2 May 2025, 24 October 2025, 9 February 2026 and 3 June 2026, with summaries published.","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England / Financial Conduct Authority","parent_research":"Bank of England / Financial Conduct Authority","relationships":"","notes":"","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/research/fintech/artificial-intelligence-consortium","https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/research/fintech/artificial-intelligence-consortium/ai-tor","https://www.fca.org.uk/firms/ai-financial-services","https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/minutes/2026/june/ai-consortium-minutes-3-june-2026"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/research/fintech/artificial-intelligence-consortium","quotes":["has officially launched as of Friday 2 May 2025.","a platform for public-private engagement to gather input from stakeholders"],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""},{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/research/fintech/artificial-intelligence-consortium/ai-tor","quotes":["The Consortium is initially expected to have around 30 members.","The Consortium has no decision-making capacity."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""},{"url":"https://www.fca.org.uk/firms/ai-financial-services","quotes":["May 2025: AI Consortium, Live Testing and Supercharged Sandbox launched."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""},{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/minutes/2026/june/ai-consortium-minutes-3-june-2026","quotes":["They noted that the outputs from the workshops will be consolidated into a final publication later in the year."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"reg","depts":[{"dept":"Department-wide","div":"department-wide"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Bank of England (Deputy Governor for Financial Stability) and FCA (Supervision, Policy and Competition)","previous_parent":null,"parent_changed":null,"head":"co-chairs (Bank Deputy Governor for Financial Stability; FCA Executive Director, Supervision, Policy and Competition)","established":"2025-05-02","location":null,"money":null,"supplier_id_guess":null,"system":null,"rule":{"kind":"consultation","stage":"live","stage_date":"2025-05-02","sponsor":"Bank of England and FCA","applies_to":"UK financial services"},"topics":["regulation and standards","safety and security"],"confidence":"verified","confidence_raw":"verified","one_source":false,"as_of":"2026-10-28","rec_table":[],"ext_links":[{"kind":"related","id":"GOV-REG-113","name":"Joint Bank of England/FCA survey: \"Artificial intelligence in UK financial services – 2026\" (26 October 2026)","page":"regulators/fca","href":"../../regulators/fca/#org=GOV-REG-113","page_label":"FCA"}],"link_texts":[{"kind":"partner_of","target":"FCA","ids":[]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-113","ids":["GOV-REG-113"]}],"div_label":"Department-wide","degree":4,"related_ids":["GOV-REG-141","GOV-REG-144","GOV-REG-145","GOV-REG-246"]},{"id":"GOV-REG-141","name":"Financial Stability in Focus: \"Artificial intelligence in the financial system\" (FPC, 9 April 2025)","type":"Regulator actions","category":"Bank of England and PRA","affiliation":"Group page (sub-page per regulator)","status_group":"current","status":"current — 2025-04-09","function":"The FPC's assessment of how AI could affect UK financial stability: correlated positions from AI-driven trading, common model weaknesses, and dependence on a few providers. It sets out how the FPC will monitor AI, using the joint survey (to be widened to more sectors) and the AI Consortium.","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England","parent_research":"Bank of England","relationships":"","notes":"","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/financial-stability-in-focus/2025/april-2025","https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2024/october/sarah-breeden-keynote-speech-at-the-hong-kong-monetary-authority"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/financial-stability-in-focus/2025/april-2025","quotes":["AI-driven trading and investment strategies could increase the tendency for market participants to take correlated positions."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""},{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2024/october/sarah-breeden-keynote-speech-at-the-hong-kong-monetary-authority","quotes":["AI could also increase the probability of existing interconnectedness turning into financial stability risk."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"reg","depts":[{"dept":"Financial Policy Committee","div":"financial-policy-committee"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Financial Policy Committee","previous_parent":null,"parent_changed":null,"head":"Andrew Bailey, Governor (FPC chair) [chairing role unverified — check]","established":"2025-04-09","location":"Threadneedle Street, London (51.514188, -0.088622)","money":null,"supplier_id_guess":null,"system":null,"rule":{"kind":"report","stage":"published","stage_date":"2025-04-09","sponsor":"Bank of England FPC","applies_to":"UK financial system"},"topics":["regulation and standards","safety and security"],"confidence":"verified","confidence_raw":"verified","one_source":false,"as_of":"2026-10-28","rec_table":[],"ext_links":[{"kind":"related","id":"GOV-REG-112","name":"Joint FCA/Bank of England survey: \"Artificial intelligence in UK financial services – 2024\" (21 November 2024)","page":"regulators/fca","href":"../../regulators/fca/#org=GOV-REG-112","page_label":"FCA"}],"link_texts":[{"kind":"parent","target":"Bank of England","ids":[]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-140","ids":["GOV-REG-140"]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-112","ids":["GOV-REG-112"]}],"div_label":"Financial Policy Committee","degree":2,"related_ids":["GOV-REG-140","GOV-REG-250"]},{"id":"GOV-REG-142","name":"\"The Bank and the PRA's response to DSIT/HMT: update on our approach to AI\" (22 April 2024)","type":"Regulator actions","category":"Bank of England and PRA","affiliation":"Group page (sub-page per regulator)","status_group":"current","status":"current — 2024-04-22","function":"The Bank and PRA's reply to the February 2024 ministerial request for regulators' strategic approaches to AI. Listed on GOV.UK's \"Regulators' strategic approaches to AI\" page.","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England","parent_research":"Bank of England","relationships":"","notes":"","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/prudential-regulation/letter/2024/artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-letter","https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulators-strategic-approaches-to-ai/regulators-strategic-approaches-to-ai"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/prudential-regulation/letter/2024/artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-letter","quotes":["AI/ML are rapidly developing technologies with the potential to enhance the financial services sector."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""},{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulators-strategic-approaches-to-ai/regulators-strategic-approaches-to-ai","quotes":[],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulators-strategic-approaches-to-ai/regulators-strategic-approaches-to-ai — Bank of England listed, linking to this letter (accessed 2026-10-28)"}],"bucket":"reg","depts":[{"dept":"Department-wide","div":"department-wide"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Bank of England / PRA","previous_parent":null,"parent_changed":null,"head":null,"established":"2024-04-22","location":null,"money":null,"supplier_id_guess":null,"system":null,"rule":{"kind":"guidance","stage":"published","stage_date":"2024-04-22","sponsor":"Bank of England and PRA","applies_to":"PRA-regulated firms; UK financial system"},"topics":["regulation and standards"],"confidence":"verified","confidence_raw":"verified (letter PDF not opened)","one_source":false,"as_of":"2026-10-28","rec_table":[],"ext_links":[{"kind":"related","id":"GOV-REG-109","name":"FCA \"Artificial Intelligence (AI) update – further to the Government's response to the AI White Paper\" (22 April 2024)","page":"regulators/fca","href":"../../regulators/fca/#org=GOV-REG-109","page_label":"FCA"}],"link_texts":[{"kind":"parent","target":"Bank of England","ids":[]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-109","ids":["GOV-REG-109"]}],"div_label":"Department-wide","degree":1,"related_ids":["GOV-REG-246"]},{"id":"GOV-REG-143","name":"PRA Supervisory Statement SS1/23 \"Model risk management principles for banks\" (applied to AI)","type":"Regulator actions","category":"Bank of England and PRA","affiliation":"Group page (sub-page per regulator)","status_group":"current","status":"current (revised version effective 23 April 2026) — 2026-04-23","function":"Sets the PRA's expectations for how banks manage model risk, \"regardless of technology\", including risks from AI and machine learning in modelling. Applies to UK-incorporated banks, building societies and PRA-designated investment firms with internal model approval. Published 17 May 2023, effective 17 May 2024; current version effective 23 April 2026. In April 2026 the Bank told the Treasury Committee it intends to build on these principles for AI during 2026.","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England","parent_research":"Bank of England","relationships":"","notes":"","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/prudential-regulation/publication/2023/may/model-risk-management-principles-for-banks-ss","https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/letter/2026/response-to-tsc-inquiry-report-on-ai-in-financial-services"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/prudential-regulation/publication/2023/may/model-risk-management-principles-for-banks-ss","quotes":["managing the risks associated with the use of artificial intelligence in modelling techniques","Effective from 23 April 2026."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""},{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/letter/2026/response-to-tsc-inquiry-report-on-ai-in-financial-services","quotes":["We intend to build on this further in 2026"],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"reg","depts":[{"dept":"Prudential Regulation Authority","div":"prudential-regulation-authority"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Prudential Regulation Authority","previous_parent":null,"parent_changed":null,"head":"Katharine Braddick, PRA Chief Executive (from 1 July 2026)","established":"2023-05-17","location":null,"money":null,"supplier_id_guess":null,"system":null,"rule":{"kind":"standard","stage":"in force","stage_date":"2026-04-23","sponsor":"PRA","applies_to":"UK-incorporated banks, building societies and PRA-designated investment firms with internal model approval"},"topics":["regulation and standards","safety and security"],"confidence":"verified","confidence_raw":"verified","one_source":false,"as_of":"2026-10-28","rec_table":[],"ext_links":[],"link_texts":[{"kind":"parent","target":"PRA","ids":[]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-144","ids":["GOV-REG-144"]}],"div_label":"Prudential Regulation Authority","degree":2,"related_ids":["GOV-REG-144","GOV-REG-145"]},{"id":"GOV-REG-144","name":"Bank of England response to the Treasury Committee report on AI in financial services (1 April 2026)","type":"Regulator actions","category":"Bank of England and PRA","affiliation":"Group page (sub-page per regulator)","status_group":"current","status":"current — 2026-04-01","function":"Letter from Sarah Breeden to Dame Meg Hillier, Chair of the Commons Treasury Committee. Commitments: scenario analysis of AI outcomes and AI scenarios in cyber and operational testing; build on model risk principles for AI in 2026; run the fourth Bank/FCA AI survey in 2026; the AI Consortium to publish a report in 2026; the FPC to do further work on agentic AI in payments and markets. On critical third parties, it said \"no designations have been made to date\" and did not accept the committee's end-2026 deadline.","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England","parent_research":"Bank of England","relationships":"","notes":"","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/letter/2026/response-to-tsc-inquiry-report-on-ai-in-financial-services","https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/report/2026/artificial-intelligence-in-uk-financial-services-2026"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/letter/2026/response-to-tsc-inquiry-report-on-ai-in-financial-services","quotes":["we are working to incorporate AI scenarios into various forms of cyber and operational testing of the financial sector.","This year we will run the fourth edition of the Bank and FCA's biennial survey"],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""},{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/report/2026/artificial-intelligence-in-uk-financial-services-2026","quotes":["conducted a fourth survey of artificial intelligence and machine learning in UK financial services."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"reg","depts":[{"dept":"Department-wide","div":"department-wide"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Bank of England (Deputy Governor, Financial Stability)","previous_parent":null,"parent_changed":null,"head":"Sarah Breeden, Deputy Governor, Financial Stability","established":"2026-04-01","location":null,"money":null,"supplier_id_guess":null,"system":null,"rule":{"kind":"report","stage":"published (response to select committee)","stage_date":"2026-04-01","sponsor":"Bank of England","applies_to":"UK financial sector"},"topics":["regulation and standards","safety and security"],"confidence":"verified","confidence_raw":"verified (the Treasury Committee report's own date was not found)","one_source":false,"as_of":"2026-10-28","rec_table":[],"ext_links":[{"kind":"related","id":"GOV-REG-113","name":"Joint Bank of England/FCA survey: \"Artificial intelligence in UK financial services – 2026\" (26 October 2026)","page":"regulators/fca","href":"../../regulators/fca/#org=GOV-REG-113","page_label":"FCA"}],"link_texts":[{"kind":"parent","target":"Bank of England","ids":[]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-113","ids":["GOV-REG-113"]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-140","ids":["GOV-REG-140"]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-143","ids":["GOV-REG-143"]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-149","ids":["GOV-REG-149"]}],"div_label":"Department-wide","degree":6,"related_ids":["GOV-REG-140","GOV-REG-143","GOV-REG-146","GOV-REG-149","GOV-REG-250","GOV-REG-254"]},{"id":"GOV-REG-145","name":"Speech: \"Engaging with the machine: AI and financial stability\" — Sarah Breeden (October 2024)","type":"Regulator actions","category":"Bank of England and PRA","affiliation":"Group page (sub-page per regulator)","status_group":"current","status":"current — 2024-10-31","function":"Keynote at an HKMA–BIS conference. Said the Bank's microprudential approach could stay technology-agnostic for now, flagged doubts on whether model risk principles cover third-party AI models, and announced the AI Consortium.","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England","parent_research":"Bank of England","relationships":"","notes":"","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2024/october/sarah-breeden-keynote-speech-at-the-hong-kong-monetary-authority"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2024/october/sarah-breeden-keynote-speech-at-the-hong-kong-monetary-authority","quotes":["we are launching an AI Consortium of the private sector and AI experts to help us understand more deeply."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"reg","depts":[{"dept":"Department-wide","div":"department-wide"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Bank of England (Deputy Governor, Financial 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and jobs, including the effect on skilled and entry-level jobs.","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England","parent_research":"Bank of England","relationships":"","notes":"","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2026/may/andrew-bailey-speech-at-cutlers-feast-sheffield"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2026/may/andrew-bailey-speech-at-cutlers-feast-sheffield","quotes":["It may well impact more skilled jobs, and so-called entry level jobs."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"reg","depts":[{"dept":"Department-wide","div":"department-wide"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Bank of England (Governor)","previous_parent":null,"parent_changed":null,"head":"Andrew Bailey, Governor","established":"2026-05-21","location":"Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield","money":null,"supplier_id_guess":null,"system":null,"rule":{"kind":"guidance","stage":"speech","stage_date":"2026-05-21","sponsor":"Bank of 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standards","safety and security"],"confidence":"single_source","confidence_raw":"single_source","one_source":true,"as_of":"2026-10-28","rec_table":[],"ext_links":[{"kind":"related","id":"GOV-CO-005","name":"AI Security Institute (AISI)","page":"cabinet-office","href":"../../cabinet-office/#org=GOV-CO-005","page_label":"Cabinet Office"}],"link_texts":[{"kind":"parent","target":"Bank of England","ids":[]},{"kind":"related","target":"AI Security Institute (Cabinet Office page)","ids":["GOV-CO-005"]}],"div_label":"Department-wide","degree":2,"related_ids":["GOV-REG-247","GOV-REG-255"]},{"id":"GOV-REG-149","name":"Critical third parties: first designations (cloud providers), oversight from 13 July 2026","type":"Regulator actions","category":"Bank of England and PRA","affiliation":"Group page (sub-page per regulator)","status_group":"current","status":"current — 2026-07-13","function":"HM Treasury's first designations under the critical third parties regime: Amazon Web Services EMEA SARL, Google Cloud EMEA Limited, Microsoft Ireland Operations Ltd and Oracle Corporation UK Limited, overseen by the financial regulators from 13 July 2026. The announcement makes no reference to AI providers; the Bank had told the Treasury Committee in April 2026 that preparations for possible AI-provider designations were \"advancing\".","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England","parent_research":"Bank of England","relationships":"","notes":"","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/news/2026/july/uk-financial-regulators-to-begin-overseeing-critical-third-parties-announced-by-hmt","https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/letter/2026/response-to-tsc-inquiry-report-on-ai-in-financial-services"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/news/2026/july/uk-financial-regulators-to-begin-overseeing-critical-third-parties-announced-by-hmt","quotes":["Today HMT has announced its first designations of four global cloud services and technology providers"],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""},{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/letter/2026/response-to-tsc-inquiry-report-on-ai-in-financial-services","quotes":["no designations have been made to date, preparations are advancing."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"reg","depts":[{"dept":"Department-wide","div":"department-wide"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Bank of England, PRA and FCA (CTP regime); designations by HM Treasury","previous_parent":null,"parent_changed":null,"head":null,"established":"2026-07-10","location":null,"money":null,"supplier_id_guess":"biz-amazon-web-services ; biz-google ; biz-microsoft ; biz-oracle","system":null,"rule":{"kind":"designation","stage":"in force","stage_date":"2026-07-13","sponsor":"HM Treasury (designation); Bank of England, PRA, FCA (oversight)","applies_to":"designated critical third parties to the UK financial sector"},"topics":["regulation and standards","compute and infrastructure","safety and security"],"confidence":"verified","confidence_raw":"verified (AI link is context only; the designation notice itself does not mention AI)","one_source":false,"as_of":"2026-10-28","rec_table":[],"ext_links":[],"link_texts":[{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-144","ids":["GOV-REG-144"]},{"kind":"regulates","target":"AWS, Google Cloud, Microsoft, Oracle","ids":[]}],"div_label":"Department-wide","degree":1,"related_ids":["GOV-REG-144"]},{"id":"GOV-REG-245","name":"The Bank of England's internal AI strategy (21 August 2025)","type":"Units and teams","category":"Bank of England and PRA","affiliation":"Group page (sub-page per regulator)","status_group":"current","status":"current — 2025-08-26 (page last updated)","function":"The Bank's strategy for its own use of AI, with the mission \"To enable the safe, ethical and effective use of AI in the Bank\" and five goals (productivity, experimentation, responsible use, collaboration and learning, support for staff). An AI governance committee co-chaired by the Chief Data Officer and Chief Information Officer reports to the Data and Analytics Board; a federated model gives business areas autonomy; an AI Centre of Excellence is under consideration; reviewed at least annually. Uses named: Microsoft Copilot for all staff (cleared for sensitive data for Office and coding); PRA exploring machine learning to extract information from management information, board packs and disclosures; pilots of off-the-shelf generative AI for meeting and document summaries and coding; an Enterprise Data Platform being built in the cloud. Principles follow the \"TRUSTED\" framework. In May 2025 the then Chief Data Officer said about 1,000 staff used general AI assistants and about 300 used coding assistants, with 5–10 per cent time savings, and that the Bank does not use AI to make decisions.","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England","parent_research":"Bank of England","relationships":"","notes":"Added or updated by Supplement 1 (edition 2.1).","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/governance-and-funding/staff-codes-and-policies/the-banks-ai-strategy","https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/report/2025/the-boes-approach-to-innovation-in-ai-dlt-quantum-computing","https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2025/may/james-benford-speaking-at-the-gartner-data-and-analytics-conference"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/governance-and-funding/staff-codes-and-policies/the-banks-ai-strategy","quotes":["To enable the safe, ethical and effective use of AI in the Bank.","co-chaired by the Chief Data Officer and the Chief Information Officer"],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""},{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/report/2025/the-boes-approach-to-innovation-in-ai-dlt-quantum-computing","quotes":["In August 2025, we published our internal AI strategy, The Bank’s artificial intelligence (AI) strategy."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""},{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2025/may/james-benford-speaking-at-the-gartner-data-and-analytics-conference","quotes":["We have found from our roll out of AI assistants, that time savings for the general users are 5-10%."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"unit","depts":[{"dept":"Department-wide","div":"department-wide"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Bank of England (Chief Data Officer and Chief Information Officer)","previous_parent":null,"parent_changed":null,"head":"AI governance committee (co-chairs: Chief Data Officer; Chief Information Officer — names not given)","established":"2025-08-21","location":"Threadneedle Street, London (51.514188, -0.088622)","money":null,"supplier_id_guess":"biz-microsoft","system":{"tool_name":"Bank of England internal AI (Copilot; generative AI pilots; PRA machine-learning extraction)","owner_body":"Bank of England / PRA","purpose":"staff productivity, summarising, coding, supervisory information extraction","method":"generative AI assistants; machine learning and deep learning","human_oversight":"\"We do not use AI to make decisions\" (May 2025)","supplier":"Microsoft (Copilot)","registers":"none (Bank not on ATRS)","register_url":"null","stage":"live (Copilot); pilot (others)","first_published":"2025-08-21"},"rule":null,"topics":["public-sector adoption","data","regulation and standards"],"confidence":"verified","confidence_raw":"verified (one publisher, three documents)","one_source":false,"as_of":"2026-10-28","rec_table":[],"ext_links":[],"link_texts":[{"kind":"parent","target":"Bank of England","ids":[]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-246","ids":["GOV-REG-246"]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-248","ids":["GOV-REG-248"]}],"div_label":"Department-wide","degree":2,"related_ids":["GOV-REG-246","GOV-REG-248"]},{"id":"GOV-REG-246","name":"\"The Bank of England's approach to innovation in AI, DLT and quantum computing\" (15 October 2025)","type":"Regulator actions","category":"Bank of England and PRA","affiliation":"Group page (sub-page per regulator)","status_group":"current","status":"current — 2025-10-15","function":"The Bank's statement on fostering responsible innovation in AI. It keeps a technology-neutral approach and judges its framework \"well equipped\" for firms' AI use so far, but is \"open to exploring\" AI-specific guidance for firms and will consider how its approach fits autonomous, evolving models and whether training-data standards need strengthening. It restates the AI Consortium (May 2025) and the 2024 survey (75 per cent of firms using AI), plans more work on AI and agentic AI in the economy, and reports that the Bank and the AI Security Institute began collaborating in 2025 on financial stability risks from frontier AI agents.","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England","parent_research":"Bank of England","relationships":"","notes":"Added or updated by Supplement 1 (edition 2.1).","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/report/2025/the-boes-approach-to-innovation-in-ai-dlt-quantum-computing","https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2025/october/sarah-breeden-panellist-at-fintech-foundation-2025-dc-fiintech-week"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/report/2025/the-boes-approach-to-innovation-in-ai-dlt-quantum-computing","quotes":["Overall, we judge our regulatory framework has proven to be well equipped to support regulated firms’ use of AI so far.","We are therefore open to exploring further whether AI-specific guidance for firms could be beneficial."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""},{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2025/october/sarah-breeden-panellist-at-fintech-foundation-2025-dc-fiintech-week","quotes":["The Bank of England has today published its approach to promoting responsible innovation in DLT, AI and quantum computing"],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"reg","depts":[{"dept":"Department-wide","div":"department-wide"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Bank of England / PRA","previous_parent":null,"parent_changed":null,"head":null,"established":"2025-10-15","location":null,"money":null,"supplier_id_guess":null,"system":null,"rule":{"kind":"strategy","stage":"published","stage_date":"2025-10-15","sponsor":"Bank of England and PRA","applies_to":"PRA-regulated firms; UK financial system"},"topics":["regulation and standards","safety and security"],"confidence":"verified","confidence_raw":"verified (one publisher, two documents)","one_source":false,"as_of":"2026-10-28","rec_table":[],"ext_links":[],"link_texts":[{"kind":"parent","target":"Bank of England","ids":[]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-140","ids":["GOV-REG-140"]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-142","ids":["GOV-REG-142"]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-247","ids":["GOV-REG-247"]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-249","ids":["GOV-REG-249"]}],"div_label":"Department-wide","degree":5,"related_ids":["GOV-REG-140","GOV-REG-142","GOV-REG-245","GOV-REG-247","GOV-REG-249"]},{"id":"GOV-REG-247","name":"Bank of England and AI Security Institute collaboration on frontier AI agents (2025)","type":"Partnerships","category":"Bank of England and PRA","affiliation":"Group page (sub-page per regulator)","status_group":"current","status":"current — 2025-10-15","function":"Joint work begun in 2025 to understand potential financial stability risks from frontier AI agents. No outputs or terms were found on the pages opened.","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England","parent_research":"Bank of England","relationships":"","notes":"Added or updated by Supplement 1 (edition 2.1).","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/report/2025/the-boes-approach-to-innovation-in-ai-dlt-quantum-computing"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/report/2025/the-boes-approach-to-innovation-in-ai-dlt-quantum-computing","quotes":["the Bank and the UK’s AI Security Institute began collaborating to better understand potential financial stability risks"],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"part","depts":[{"dept":"Department-wide","div":"department-wide"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Bank of England (Financial Stability)","previous_parent":null,"parent_changed":null,"head":null,"established":"2025","location":null,"money":null,"supplier_id_guess":null,"system":null,"rule":null,"topics":["safety and security","regulation and standards"],"confidence":"single_source","confidence_raw":"single_source","one_source":true,"as_of":"2026-10-28","rec_table":[],"ext_links":[{"kind":"partner_of","id":"GOV-CO-005","name":"AI Security Institute (AISI)","page":"cabinet-office","href":"../../cabinet-office/#org=GOV-CO-005","page_label":"Cabinet Office"}],"link_texts":[{"kind":"partner_of","target":"AI Security Institute (Cabinet Office page)","ids":["GOV-CO-005"]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-148","ids":["GOV-REG-148"]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-246","ids":["GOV-REG-246"]}],"div_label":"Department-wide","degree":2,"related_ids":["GOV-REG-148","GOV-REG-246"]},{"id":"GOV-REG-248","name":"Speech: \"Data governance to set us free\" — James Benford, Gartner Data & Analytics Summit (13 May 2025)","type":"Regulator actions","category":"Bank of England and PRA","affiliation":"Group page (sub-page per regulator)","status_group":"current","status":"current — 2025-05-13","function":"The Bank's then Chief Data Officer on governing AI: the TRUSTED principles (Targeted, Reliable, Understood, Secure, Tested, Ethical, Durable); an AI policy with approved and prohibited tools and an ethics self-assessment; a monthly AI and Data Ethics Committee; Bank uses of AI for code conversion, chatbots, policy queries and summarising supervisory material; about 1,000 staff on AI assistants and 300 on coding assistants.","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England","parent_research":"Bank of England","relationships":"","notes":"Added or updated by Supplement 1 (edition 2.1).","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2025/may/james-benford-speaking-at-the-gartner-data-and-analytics-conference"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2025/may/james-benford-speaking-at-the-gartner-data-and-analytics-conference","quotes":["We do not use AI to make decisions","Writing code with the help of AI is accelerating our transformation efforts"],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"reg","depts":[{"dept":"Department-wide","div":"department-wide"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Bank of England (Data and Analytics Transformation)","previous_parent":null,"parent_changed":null,"head":"James Benford, Executive Director for Data and Analytics Transformation and Chief Data Officer (2023 to 2025)","established":"2025-05-13","location":null,"money":null,"supplier_id_guess":null,"system":null,"rule":{"kind":"guidance","stage":"speech","stage_date":"2025-05-13","sponsor":"Bank of England","applies_to":"the Bank's own use of AI"},"topics":["public-sector adoption","data"],"confidence":"single_source","confidence_raw":"single_source","one_source":true,"as_of":"2026-10-28","rec_table":[],"ext_links":[],"link_texts":[{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-245","ids":["GOV-REG-245"]}],"div_label":"Department-wide","degree":1,"related_ids":["GOV-REG-245"]},{"id":"GOV-REG-249","name":"Speech: \"Not just token gestures\" — Sarah Breeden, DC Fintech Week (15 October 2025)","type":"Regulator actions","category":"Bank of England and PRA","affiliation":"Group page (sub-page per regulator)","status_group":"current","status":"current — 2025-10-15","function":"Panel remarks on tokenisation that describe agentic AI in commerce (AI agents that learn preferences, browse and compare prices) and how tokenisation could let such agents transact; announced the Bank's innovation approach paper (GOV-REG-246).","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England","parent_research":"Bank of England","relationships":"","notes":"Added or updated by Supplement 1 (edition 2.1).","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2025/october/sarah-breeden-panellist-at-fintech-foundation-2025-dc-fiintech-week"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2025/october/sarah-breeden-panellist-at-fintech-foundation-2025-dc-fiintech-week","quotes":["as we start to see so-called ‘agentic’ artificial intelligence (AI) being deployed in commerce"],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"reg","depts":[{"dept":"Department-wide","div":"department-wide"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Bank of England (Deputy Governor, Financial Stability)","previous_parent":null,"parent_changed":null,"head":"Sarah Breeden, Deputy Governor, Financial Stability","established":"2025-10-15","location":"DC Fintech Week 2025 (place not stated beyond the event name)","money":null,"supplier_id_guess":null,"system":null,"rule":{"kind":"guidance","stage":"speech","stage_date":"2025-10-15","sponsor":"Bank of England","applies_to":"payments and financial system"},"topics":["regulation and standards","competition and markets"],"confidence":"single_source","confidence_raw":"single_source","one_source":true,"as_of":"2026-10-28","rec_table":[],"ext_links":[],"link_texts":[{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-246","ids":["GOV-REG-246"]}],"div_label":"Department-wide","degree":1,"related_ids":["GOV-REG-246"]},{"id":"GOV-REG-250","name":"Financial Policy Committee Record, April 2026: AI valuations and AI risks","type":"Regulator actions","category":"Bank of England and PRA","affiliation":"Group page (sub-page per regulator)","status_group":"current","status":"current — 2026-04-01","function":"Record of the FPC meeting of 27 March 2026 (published 1 April 2026). It notes stretched valuations for US AI-focused technology firms, says AI-related repricing could spread through the financial system and the real economy, and records that the FPC assessed evidence on financial stability risks from AI use in the financial system.","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England","parent_research":"Bank of England","relationships":"","notes":"Added or updated by Supplement 1 (edition 2.1).","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/financial-policy-committee-record/2026/april-2026"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/financial-policy-committee-record/2026/april-2026","quotes":["The FPC has assessed evidence on the risks to financial stability from the use of AI in the financial system.","AI-related repricing could transmit widely throughout the financial system and impact the real economy."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"reg","depts":[{"dept":"Financial Policy 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2.1).","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2026/april/sarah-breeden-at-the-program-on-international-financial-systems-and-harvard-law-school"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2026/april/sarah-breeden-at-the-program-on-international-financial-systems-and-harvard-law-school","quotes":["At the same time, investment by AI firms is increasing materially – estimated at over $5trn over the next five years."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"reg","depts":[{"dept":"Department-wide","div":"department-wide"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Bank of England (Deputy Governor, Financial Stability)","previous_parent":null,"parent_changed":null,"head":"Sarah Breeden, Deputy Governor, Financial Stability","established":"2026-04-17","location":"Harvard Law School Program on International Financial Systems symposium (place not 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standing and liability of agentic AI tools. Says the Bank is already considering agentic AI in the financial system, that AI should still be treated as a tool rather than a legal agent, and that assigning responsibility for wrongful acts of agentic AI may become complicated (example: an AI agent in trading).","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England","parent_research":"Bank of England","relationships":"","notes":"Added or updated by Supplement 1 (edition 2.1).","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/letter/2026/letter-from-the-governor-to-dame-meg-hillier-17-july-2026.pdf"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/letter/2026/letter-from-the-governor-to-dame-meg-hillier-17-july-2026.pdf","quotes":["More generally, the Bank is already considering issues around the use of agentic AI as they relate to the financial system."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"reg","depts":[{"dept":"Department-wide","div":"department-wide"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Bank of England (Governor)","previous_parent":null,"parent_changed":null,"head":"Andrew Bailey, Governor","established":"2026-07-17","location":null,"money":null,"supplier_id_guess":null,"system":null,"rule":{"kind":"report","stage":"published (letter to select committee)","stage_date":"2026-07-17","sponsor":"Bank of England","applies_to":"UK financial sector"},"topics":["regulation and standards","safety and security"],"confidence":"single_source","confidence_raw":"single_source","one_source":true,"as_of":"2026-10-28","rec_table":[],"ext_links":[],"link_texts":[{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-144","ids":["GOV-REG-144"]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-253","ids":["GOV-REG-253"]}],"div_label":"Department-wide","degree":2,"related_ids":["GOV-REG-144","GOV-REG-253"]},{"id":"GOV-REG-255","name":"Speech: Andrew Bailey at the İstanbul Economic Forum (8 October 2026)","type":"Regulator actions","category":"Bank of England and PRA","affiliation":"Group page (sub-page per regulator)","status_group":"current","status":"current — 2026-10-08","function":"Speech (listed as \"Financial resilience in an age of repeated shocks\") at the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye's forum. Says the rapid growth of AI-related financing has created new exposures; a sharp revision of AI earnings or adoption expectations is a risk; \"AI safety and financial stability are therefore becoming increasingly connected\"; safely deployed, AI is a growth opportunity.","composition":"","parent":"Bank of England","parent_research":"Bank of England","relationships":"","notes":"Added or updated by Supplement 1 (edition 2.1).","checked":"2026-10-28","website":[],"sources":["https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2026/october/andrew-bailey-speech-at-the-istanbul-economic-forum-central-bank-of-the-republic-of-turkey-istanbul"],"source_quotes":[{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2026/october/andrew-bailey-speech-at-the-istanbul-economic-forum-central-bank-of-the-republic-of-turkey-istanbul","quotes":["AI safety and financial stability are therefore becoming increasingly connected.","But greater financial exposure to AI also creates risk."],"accessed":"2026-10-28","secondary":false,"raw":""}],"bucket":"reg","depts":[{"dept":"Department-wide","div":"department-wide"}],"colleges":[],"directorate":"Bank of England (Governor)","previous_parent":null,"parent_changed":null,"head":"Andrew Bailey, Governor","established":"2026-10-08","location":"İstanbul, Türkiye","money":null,"supplier_id_guess":null,"system":null,"rule":{"kind":"guidance","stage":"speech","stage_date":"2026-10-08","sponsor":"Bank of England","applies_to":"financial system"},"topics":["safety and security","investment and growth","international cooperation"],"confidence":"single_source","confidence_raw":"single_source","one_source":true,"as_of":"2026-10-28","rec_table":[],"ext_links":[],"link_texts":[{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-148","ids":["GOV-REG-148"]},{"kind":"related","target":"GOV-REG-250","ids":["GOV-REG-250"]}],"div_label":"Department-wide","degree":2,"related_ids":["GOV-REG-148","GOV-REG-250"]}],"links":[{"source":"GOV-REG-141","target":"GOV-REG-140","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-141 links: related → GOV-REG-140"},{"source":"GOV-REG-143","target":"GOV-REG-144","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-143 links: related → GOV-REG-144"},{"source":"GOV-REG-144","target":"GOV-REG-140","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-144 links: related → GOV-REG-140"},{"source":"GOV-REG-144","target":"GOV-REG-149","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-144 links: related → GOV-REG-149"},{"source":"GOV-REG-145","target":"GOV-REG-140","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-145 links: related → GOV-REG-140"},{"source":"GOV-REG-145","target":"GOV-REG-143","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-145 links: related → GOV-REG-143"},{"source":"GOV-REG-146","target":"GOV-REG-144","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-146 links: related → GOV-REG-144"},{"source":"GOV-REG-245","target":"GOV-REG-246","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-245 links: related → GOV-REG-246"},{"source":"GOV-REG-245","target":"GOV-REG-248","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-245 links: related → GOV-REG-248"},{"source":"GOV-REG-246","target":"GOV-REG-140","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-246 links: related → GOV-REG-140"},{"source":"GOV-REG-246","target":"GOV-REG-142","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-246 links: related → GOV-REG-142"},{"source":"GOV-REG-246","target":"GOV-REG-247","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-246 links: related → GOV-REG-247"},{"source":"GOV-REG-246","target":"GOV-REG-249","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-246 links: related → GOV-REG-249"},{"source":"GOV-REG-247","target":"GOV-REG-148","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-247 links: related → GOV-REG-148"},{"source":"GOV-REG-250","target":"GOV-REG-141","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-250 links: related → GOV-REG-141"},{"source":"GOV-REG-250","target":"GOV-REG-144","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-250 links: related → GOV-REG-144"},{"source":"GOV-REG-250","target":"GOV-REG-251","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-250 links: related → GOV-REG-251"},{"source":"GOV-REG-253","target":"GOV-REG-254","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-253 links: related → GOV-REG-254"},{"source":"GOV-REG-254","target":"GOV-REG-144","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-254 links: related → GOV-REG-144"},{"source":"GOV-REG-255","target":"GOV-REG-148","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-255 links: related → GOV-REG-148"},{"source":"GOV-REG-255","target":"GOV-REG-250","kind":"related","evidence":"GOV-REG-255 links: related → GOV-REG-250"}],"placement_method":{"root":18,"tree":3}}